40 Trial Category No. of Trials No. of Drugs under Study* No. of Phase I No. of Phase I/II No. of Phase II No. of Phase III Targeted Trials Assigned to Hallmark of Cancer Category (n=162) 7. Tumor-Promoting Inflammation (n=0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Selective Anti-inflammatory Agents 0 0 0 0 0 0 8. Deregulating Cellular Energetics (n=0) 1 1 1 0 0 0 9. Activating Invasion and Metastasis (n=1) 10. Avoiding Immune Destruction (n=27) 27** 25 12 5 8 0 Total 18 18 8 4 4 0 Vaccines 9 7 4 1 4 0 Immunomodulators 11. Other Targeted Trials (n=7) 7 5 2 2 3 0 Total 4 2 1 1 2 0 Heat Shock Protein 3 3 1 1 1 0 Other Trials of Nontargeted Therapies (n=35) 35 37 15 4 13 3 Total 4 4 2 1 1 0 Cancer Stem Cells 28 30 12 3 11 2 Chemotherapy 3 3 1 0 1 1 Surgery/Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 Supportive Care Site-Specific Trials (n=20) 20** 20 1 4 11 1 Total 17 17 1 3 9 1 Brain 1 1 0 0 1 0 Bone 1 1 0 0 1 0 Liver 1 1 0 1 0 0 Liver/Lung 1 1 0 0 1 0 Abbreviations: Akt = a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase; ErB = another term for ErbB, the epidermal growth factor receptor protein family; HDAC = histone deacetylase; IAP = inhibitors of apoptosis protein family; IGF = insulin-like growth factor; JAK = Janus kinase family; Notch = family of proteins involved in intracellular signaling; PARP = poly-ADP ribose polymerase; PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homolog; RAF/MEK/ERK/ALK = a key cellular signaling pathway; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor. * Some agents are being tested in multiple trials; other trials are testing combinations of drugs. **Six trials did not list the phase.